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Contention is the opposite end of the reaction spectrum from cooptation. It is a non-cooperative, non-participatory position vis-a-vis the state, its actors, and its policies. In terms of action, it calls for disagreement with the kind of marginally progressive half-way measures put forward by the state to appease the less committed among us. Instead, it demands accountability for the underlying power relationship and the state's domination of our existence.

-- Taiaiake Alfred